Set of (mathematical) rules for specifying how coordinates are to be assigned to points.
One coordinate system may be used in many [GEOTOOLS:Coordinate reference systems]. The geometric properties of a coordinate space determine how distances and angles between points are calculated from the coordinates.
For example, in an ellipsoidal (2D) space distances are defined as curves on the surface of the ellipsoid, whereas in a Euclidean plane as used for projected CRS distance is the length of a straight line between two points.
The mathematical rules that determine distances and angles are calculated from coordinates and vice versa are comprised in the concept of coordinate system.