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<p><img class="editor-inline-macro" src="/plugins/servlet/confluence/placeholder/macro?definition=e2FuY2hvcjp3aGF0fQ&amp;locale=en_GB&amp;version=2" data-macro-name="anchor" data-macro-default-parameter="what"></p>
<h4>What is Janino?</h4>

<p>Janino is a super-small, super-fast Java™ compiler. Not only can it <a class="confluence-link" href="/display/JANINO/Advanced#Advanced-compiler" data-anchor="compiler" data-linked-resource-id="138773103" data-linked-resource-type="page" data-linked-resource-default-alias="Advanced#compiler" data-base-url="http://docs.codehaus.org">compile a set of source files to a set of class files</a> like the JAVAC tool, but also can it compile a Java™ <a class="confluence-link" href="/display/JANINO/Basic#Basic-expressionevaluator" data-anchor="expression_evaluator" data-linked-resource-id="138773101" data-linked-resource-type="page" data-linked-resource-default-alias="Basic#expression_evaluator" data-base-url="http://docs.codehaus.org">expression</a>, <a class="confluence-link" href="/display/JANINO/Basic#Basic-scriptevaluator" data-anchor="script_evaluator" data-linked-resource-id="138773101" data-linked-resource-type="page" data-linked-resource-default-alias="Basic#script_evaluator" data-base-url="http://docs.codehaus.org">block</a>, <a class="confluence-link" href="/display/JANINO/Basic#Basic-classbodyevaluator" data-anchor="class_body_evaluator" data-linked-resource-id="138773101" data-linked-resource-type="page" data-linked-resource-default-alias="Basic#class_body_evaluator" data-base-url="http://docs.codehaus.org">class body</a> or <a class="confluence-link" href="/display/JANINO/Basic#Basic-simplecompiler" data-anchor="simple_compiler" data-linked-resource-id="138773101" data-linked-resource-type="page" data-linked-resource-default-alias="Basic#simple_compiler" data-base-url="http://docs.codehaus.org">source file</a> <em>in memory</em>, load the bytecode and execute it directly in the same JVM. Janino is not intended to be a development tool, but an embedded compiler for run-time compilation purposes, e.g. expression evaluators or &quot;server pages&quot; engines like JSP.</p>

<p>JANINO is integrated with <a href="http://commons.apache.org/jci/">Apache Commons JCI (&quot;Java Compiler Interface&quot;)</a> and <a href="http://www.jboss.org/products/rules">JBoss Rules</a> / <a href="http://drools.org/">Drools</a>.</p>

<p>JANINO can also be used for <a class="confluence-link" href="/display/JANINO/Advanced#Advanced-codeanalyser" data-anchor="code_analyser" data-linked-resource-id="138773103" data-linked-resource-type="page" data-linked-resource-default-alias="Advanced#code_analyser" data-base-url="http://docs.codehaus.org">static code analysis</a> or <a class="confluence-link" href="/display/JANINO/Advanced#Advanced-codemanipulator" data-anchor="code_manipulator" data-linked-resource-id="138773103" data-linked-resource-type="page" data-linked-resource-default-alias="Advanced#code_manipulator" data-base-url="http://docs.codehaus.org">code manipulation</a>.</p>

<p>JANINO can be configured to use the <a href="http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/javax/tools/package-summary.html">javax.tools.JavaCompiler</a> API (available since JDK 1.6), which removes the Java 5-related <a class="confluence-link" href="#limitations" data-anchor="limitations" data-linked-resource-default-alias="limitations" data-base-url="http://docs.codehaus.org">limitations</a>.</p>

<p><img class="editor-inline-macro" src="/plugins/servlet/confluence/placeholder/macro?definition=e2FuY2hvcjpwcm9wZXJ0aWVzfQ&amp;locale=en_GB&amp;version=2" data-macro-name="anchor" data-macro-default-parameter="properties"></p>
<h4>Properties</h4>

<p>The major design goal was to keep the compiler small and simple, while providing an (almost) JAVAC 1.4 compatible compiler. I don't like the idea of carrying around huge libraries for simple applications.</p>

<p>The following elements of the Java programming language are implemented:</p>
<ul>
	<li><code>package</code> declaration, <code>import</code> declaration</li>
	<li><code>class</code> declaration, <code>interface</code> declaration</li>
	<li>Inheritance (<code>extends</code> and <code>implements</code>)</li>
	<li>Static member type declaration</li>
	<li>Inner classes (member classes, local classes, anonymous classes)</li>
	<li>Class initializer, Instance initializer</li>
	<li>Field declaration, Method declaration</li>
	<li>Local variable declaration</li>
	<li>Class variable initializer, Instance variable initializer</li>
	<li>Block statement ({<code>...</code>})</li>
	<li><code>if ... else</code> statement</li>
	<li><code>for</code> statement</li>
	<li><code>while</code> statement</li>
	<li><code>do ... while</code> statement</li>
	<li><code>try ... catch ... finally</code> statement</li>
	<li><code>throw</code> statement</li>
	<li><code>return</code> statement</li>
	<li><code>break</code> statement</li>
	<li><code>continue</code> statement</li>
	<li><code>switch</code> statement</li>
	<li><code>synchronized</code> statement</li>
	<li>All primitive types (<code>boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float, double</code>)</li>
	<li>Assignment operator <code>=</code></li>
	<li>Assignment operators <code>+=, -=, *=, /=, &amp;=, |=, ^=, %=, &lt;&lt;=, &gt;&gt;=, &gt;&gt;&gt;=</code></li>
	<li>Conditional operators <code>?...:, &amp;&amp;, ||</code></li>
	<li>Boolean logical operators <code>&amp;, ^, |</code></li>
	<li>Integer bitwise operators <code>&amp;, ^, |</code></li>
	<li>Numeric operators <code>*, /, %, +, -, &lt;&lt;, &gt;&gt;, &gt;&gt;&gt;</code></li>
	<li>String concatenation operator +</li>
	<li>Operators <code>++</code> and <code>--</code></li>
	<li>Type comparison operator <code>instanceof</code></li>
	<li>Unary operators <code>+, -, ~, !</code></li>
	<li>Parenthesized expression</li>
	<li>Field access (like <code>System.out</code>)</li>
	<li>Superclass member access (<code>super.meth();</code>, <code>super.field = x;</code>)</li>
</ul>
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<h4>Properties (cont'd.)</h4>

<ul>
	<li><code>this</code> (reference to current instance)</li>
	<li>Alternate constructor invocation (like <code>this(a, b, c)</code>)</li>
	<li>Superclass constructor invocation (like <code>super(a, b, c)</code>)</li>
	<li>Method invocation (like <code>System.out.println(&quot;Hello&quot;)</code>)</li>
	<li>Class instance creation (like <code>new Foo()</code>)</li>
	<li>Primitive array creation (like <code>new int[10][5][]</code>)</li>
	<li>Class or interface array creation (like <code>new Foo[10][5][]</code>)</li>
	<li>Array access (like <code>args[0]</code>)</li>
	<li>Local variable access</li>
	<li>Integer, floating-point, boolean, character, string literal</li>
	<li><code>null</code> literal</li>
	<li>Unary numeric conversion, binary numeric conversion, widening numeric conversion, narrowing numeric conversion</li>
	<li>Widening reference conversion, narrowing reference conversion</li>
	<li>Cast</li>
	<li>Assignment conversion</li>
	<li>String conversion (for string concatenation)</li>
	<li>Constant expression</li>
	<li>Block scope, method scope, class scope, global scope</li>
	<li><code>throws</code> clause</li>
	<li>Array initializer (like <code>String[] a = { &quot;x&quot;, &quot;y&quot;, &quot;z&quot; </code>})</li>
	<li>Primitive class literals, e.g. &quot;int.class&quot;</li>
	<li>Non-primitive class literals, e.g. &quot;String.class&quot;</li>
	<li>References between uncompiled compilation units</li>
	<li>Line number tables a la &quot;-g:lines&quot;</li>
	<li>Source file information a la &quot;-g:source&quot;</li>
	<li>Handling of @deprecated doc comment tag</li>
	<li>Accessibility checking (PUBLIC, PROTECTED, PRIVATE)</li>
	<li>Local variable information information for debugging (i.e. &quot;-g:vars&quot;)</li>
	<li>Checking of &quot;definite assignment&quot; (JLS2 16)</li>
	<li>Methods that compile to more than 32 KB</li>
	<li>J2SE 5.0: Static imports (single and on-demand; fields, types and methods)</li>
	<li>J2SE 5.0: Autoboxing and unboxing</li>
	<li>J2SE 5.0: StringBuilder class used (if available) for string concatenation</li>
	<li>J2SE 5.0: Covariant return types</li>
</ul>

<p><img class="editor-inline-macro" src="/plugins/servlet/confluence/placeholder/macro?definition=e2FuY2hvcjpsaW1pdGF0aW9uc30&amp;locale=en_GB&amp;version=2" data-macro-name="anchor" data-macro-default-parameter="limitations"></p>
<h4>Limitations</h4>
<p>The following elements of the Java programming language are <strong>not</strong> implemented:</p>
<ul>
	<li><code>assert</code> (a rarely-used JDK 1.4 language feature)</li>
	<li>J2SE 5.0: Parametrized types (generics)</li>
	<li>J2SE 5.0: Enhanced FOR loop</li>
	<li>J2SE 5.0: Typesafe enums</li>
	<li>J2SE 5.0: Variable arguments</li>
	<li>J2SE 5.0: Annotations</li>
</ul>
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