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is an agile dynamic language for the Java Platform with many features that inspired languages like Python, Ruby and Smalltalk, making them available to Java developers using a Java-like syntax.

is ideally designed for the following purposes :

• Developing web applications in a quick, concise and fun way. The Grails demonstrates Groovy's capability in this area. 
• Bringing the power  of a scripting language to the JVM with seamless integration with the Java Platform}
• Writing concise, meaningful, test cases using Groovy's JUnit integration.}
• Prototyping and producing real industrial strength applications}
• Writing shell scripts easily

works cleanly with all existing Java objects and libraries and compiles straight to Java bytecode in either application development or scripting mode.

provides powerful additional :

• language conceptual enhancements
  • Support for closures - re-usable blocks of code
  • Native syntax for lists and maps
  • Support the Gof Builder pattern via the notion of builders
  • Syntax level regex operators and escape sequences
  • Native JavaBean support
  • Operator overloading  to simplify working with datatypes Collections and Maps
  • Polymorphic iteration and autoboxing
  • Extension of Java Standard Library through the GDK
  • ...
• useful standard features to enhance developer productivity such as:
  • Groovy Markup for XML, DOM, ...
  • Groovy Path expression language
  • Groovlets for implementing Servlets easily in simple Groovy scripts
  • Ant Scripting
  • Groovy Categories allow you to add methods to classes with the "use" keyword
  • Groovy Template Engines which are pluggable, simple to use, integrate GPath and compile to bytecode
  • Groovy SQL for making SQL more Groovy
• great user defined modules
  • Grails : Groovy on rails for easy multi-tier application development
  • Gram : a simple xdoclet-like tool for processing doclet tags or Java 5 annotations
  • COM Scripting
  • GroovySWT : wrapper around SWT , the eclipse graphical library
  • GSOAP : accessing through groovy web services
  • GSP : Groovy server pages
  • GSQL : accessing databases through Groovy
  • Process : handling external processes
  • XMLRPC : the corner stone of Ajax